Month: October 2025

How Humans Select & Keep Romantic Partners in the Short & Long Term

Core Arguments Men and women have evolved different primary mating preferences due to asymmetrical reproductive biology. Women, who bear higher biological costs in reproduction (e.g., pregnancy), tend to prioritize partners who show signs of resource acquisition and stability (e.g., ambition, status, earning capacity). Men, by contrast, tend to prioritize cues related to fertility and health, such as physical attractiveness and relative youth. Mating strategies and preferences differ significantly depending on the relationship context (long-term vs. short-term). For long-term, committed relationships, both sexes value traits like intelligence, kindness, and dependability. In short-term mating, however, physical appearance becomes more important for women, while men

如何預防孕期抽筋

Thinking …     用户用中文提问：“我希望你幫我研究如何預防孕期抽筋，只從權威的期刊或是論文中尋求解答，不要找網路新聞。” 他们希望我们研究如何预防孕期抽筋…

The Next Millionaire Next Door (1): Wealth Is Not What You See

Wealth Is Not What You See; It Is Forged by Actively Rejecting Pervasive Societal Myths About Affluence. One of the most foundational arguments of “The Next Millionaire Next Door” is that the journey to building sustainable, self-made wealth begins not with a specific action, but with a radical shift in mindset. This shift requires the deliberate deconstruction and rejection of deeply ingrained societal myths about what wealth is and who the wealthy are. The book posits that most people operate under a false paradigm, one heavily influenced by media, marketing, and social comparison. This paradigm equates high income and conspicuous

The Next Millionaire Next Door (2): Social Forces Dictate Your Consumption Norms

Your Ability to Build Wealth is Powerfully Shaped by Your Choice of Spouse, Friends, and Neighborhood, as These Social Forces Dictate Your Consumption Norms and Either Support or Sabotage Your Financial Discipline. While the first foundational argument of the book deals with the internal battle of rejecting financial myths, this second argument focuses on the critical external factors that shape our financial lives. The authors contend that building wealth is not a solitary endeavor conducted in a vacuum. Rather, it is an undertaking deeply influenced by the social ecosystem we inhabit. The book argues that three specific choices—who you marry,

The Next Millionaire Next Door (3): The Engine of Wealth Creation

The Engine of Wealth Creation Is Not Innate Genius or a High-Paying Job, but a Specific Set of Learnable Behavioral Competencies, Chief Among Them Being Conscientiousness, Discipline, Confidence, and a Focus on Planning. This argument moves from the “what not to do” (rejecting myths) and the “where to be” (curating your environment) to the “how to be.” It is the core of the book’s instruction on individual action. The authors posit that the defining characteristic of self-made millionaires is not their IQ, their degree from an elite university, or even the industry they work in. Instead, it is their personal

The Next Millionaire Next Door (4): Choosing the “Right” Vocation

The Path to Significant Wealth Generation Lies in Choosing the “Right” Vocation—One That Either Allows for Exceptional Income Transformation Through Frugality, Provides Opportunities for Self-Employment and Equity Building, or Can Be Leveraged into Multiple Income Streams. While the previous arguments focused on the defensive strategies of wealth accumulation—controlling spending, curating your environment, and developing behavioral discipline—this final argument addresses the critical offensive strategy: revenue generation. The book makes it clear that while frugality is essential, it has its limits. You cannot save more than you earn. To build substantial wealth, you need a powerful and reliable engine to generate the

The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing (1): Embrace Simplicity

Embrace Simplicity and the Power of Passive Index Investing One of the most profound and foundational arguments presented in The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing is a radical departure from the conventional wisdom peddled by Wall Street and the financial media. The authors contend that the path to investment success is not paved with complexity, expert stock-picking, or sophisticated market-timing strategies. Instead, it lies in embracing a philosophy of profound simplicity: owning a low-cost, broadly diversified portfolio of the entire market through index funds and holding it for the long term. This strategy, often referred to as passive investing, is not merely an

The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing (2): Asset Allocation

Asset Allocation is the Cornerstone of Your Investment Strategy After establishing that passive index investing is the most rational and mathematically sound method for capturing market returns, The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing pivots to what it unequivocally calls “the most fundamental decision of investing.” This decision is not which hot stock to pick, which “star” fund manager to follow, or when to get in or out of the market. It is the deliberate, thoughtful, and disciplined process of asset allocation. The book argues that how an investor divides their portfolio among the major asset classes—primarily stocks, bonds, and cash—is the single most powerful

The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing (3): Master Your Emotions

Master Your Emotions and Behavior to Avoid Self-Sabotage While the first two pillars of the Boglehead philosophy—embracing passive indexing and the primacy of asset allocation—are built on the irrefutable logic of mathematics and finance theory, the third major argument addresses a far more volatile and dangerous variable: the investor themselves. The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing posits that after designing a sound, low-cost, and appropriately allocated portfolio, the single greatest threat to an investor’s long-term success is their own emotionally driven behavior. The book argues that human psychology, with its inherent biases and primal instincts, is fundamentally ill-suited for navigating the volatile landscape

The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing (4): Let Compounding Do the Heavy Lifting

Start Early, Save Diligently, and Let Compounding Do the Heavy Lifting While the other core arguments of The Bogleheads’ Guide to Investing focus on the how of investing—the mechanics of indexing, asset allocation, and behavioral discipline—the fourth foundational pillar addresses the equally crucial when and how much. The book powerfully argues that no investment strategy, however brilliant, can overcome a failure to save. The authors contend that for the vast majority of people, the single most important factor in achieving financial independence is not their investment return, but their savings rate. Coupled with this is the critical importance of starting to save and invest as early as possible. This

The Sovereign Individual (3): The Rise of the Sovereign Individual

The Rise of the Sovereign Individual and the New Winner-Take-All Society Flowing directly from the collapse of the nation-state and the transformative power of the Information Revolution is the book’s central and most provocative thesis: the emergence of a new class of elite, the “Sovereign Individuals.” This is not merely a prediction of growing wealth for the rich, but a forecast of a fundamental change in the nature of power and success. The authors argue that for the first time in history, individuals who possess exceptional talent, intelligence, and foresight will be able to operate almost entirely beyond the reach

The Sovereign Individual (2): The Information Revolution

The Information Revolution as a Historic Phase Change and the Inevitable Decline of the Nation-State The world is currently undergoing a “phase change” in social organization as profound and disruptive as the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. This is not merely an incremental development or an acceleration of existing trends; it is a fundamental transformation into a fourth stage of human society: the Information Society. The authors argue that this revolution, driven by the microprocessor, is fundamentally altering the megapolitical landscape by making the nation-state—the dominant institution of the modern era—anachronistic and unsustainable. Just as the Gunpowder Revolution made the feudal

The Sovereign Individual (1): The Megapolitical Framework

The Megapolitical Framework — How the Logic of Violence Shapes Society At the core of The Sovereign Individual lies a powerful and unconventional theory of history and social change, a framework the authors refer to as “megapolitics.” The central thesis of this framework is that the fundamental structure of human society—its political institutions, economic organization, and even its moral codes—is ultimately determined by the prevailing “logic of violence.” This logic is not about who is right or what is just; it is a brutal calculus of the costs and rewards of projecting force and defending against it. When fundamental shifts occur in

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (1): The Power of the Market

The Power of the Market – Voluntary Exchange as the Foundation of Prosperity and Freedom The central and most foundational argument in Free to Choose is that a complex and prosperous society is best organized through a system of voluntary exchange, coordinated by a free-market price system. This system, often referred to as the “invisible hand,” allows millions of individuals, each pursuing their own self-interest, to cooperate and create wealth and social order without the need for central direction or coercion. This mechanism is not only the most efficient engine for economic prosperity but is also an essential prerequisite for personal and

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (2): The Tyranny of Controls

The Tyranny of Controls – Why Government Intervention Fails The second major argument in Free to Choose is the direct corollary to the first: if voluntary exchange through the free market is the key to prosperity and freedom, then government-imposed controls on economic activity are the primary source of economic inefficiency and a grave threat to liberty. These controls, whether they take the form of tariffs on international trade, price and wage controls, or detailed industrial regulations, are inherently tyrannical. While often enacted with noble intentions—to protect consumers, to save jobs, or to promote fairness—they invariably produce outcomes that are the opposite

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (3): The Anatomy of Crisis

The Anatomy of Crisis – The Great Depression as a Failure of Government, Not Capitalism A pivotal argument in Free to Choose is a direct and forceful challenge to the most widely accepted economic narrative of the twentieth century. The conventional story holds that the Great Depression of the 1930s was the ultimate failure of free-market capitalism, a system inherently prone to instability, speculation, and collapse. This perceived failure, in turn, provided the justification for a fundamental transformation in the role of government, ushering in the New Deal and the era of large-scale government intervention that continues to this day. The Friedmans

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (4): Cradle to Grave

Cradle to Grave – The Perverse Consequences of the Welfare State The fourth major argument in Free to Choose is a comprehensive and fundamental critique of the modern welfare state. The central thesis is that the vast network of government programs designed to provide security “from cradle to grave”—from Social Security and unemployment insurance to public housing, food stamps, and medical care—has, despite its compassionate and well-intentioned origins, produced results that are the opposite of what was intended. Far from being an effective and humane solution to poverty and hardship, the welfare state has become a bureaucratic behemoth that is inefficient, ruinously

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (5): Created Equal

Created Equal – The Conflict Between Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome The fifth major argument in Free to Choose is a profound philosophical and practical exploration of the concept of “equality.” The Friedmans contend that the word “equality,” as used in political and social discourse, has come to have two fundamentally different and conflicting meanings. The failure to distinguish between these two meanings has been a primary source of intellectual confusion and has led to government policies that, in the name of promoting equality, have severely undermined individual liberty. The two competing concepts are Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome. The Friedmans

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (6): What’s Wrong with Our Schools?

What’s Wrong with Our Schools? – The Failure of Government Monopoly in Education The sixth major argument in Free to Choose is a powerful and provocative critique of the American public school system. The Friedmans argue that elementary and secondary education in the United States, particularly in inner cities, is in a state of crisis. Despite skyrocketing costs and a vast professional bureaucracy, the quality of schooling has been declining precipitously. Students are failing to master basic skills, and schools have become sources of social conflict and even physical danger rather than centers of learning and assimilation. The root cause of this

Free to Choose by Rose Friedman (7): Who Protects the Consumer?

Who Protects the Consumer? – The Failure of Government Regulation The seventh major argument in Free to Choose is a direct assault on the modern consumer protection movement and the vast web of government regulatory agencies it has spawned. The Friedmans argue that this movement, while cloaked in the appealing rhetoric of protecting the public from unsafe products and corporate greed, has in practice become a major source of economic harm. Government regulation, they contend, is a cure that is far worse than the disease. The central thesis is that the free market itself is the most effective and efficient consumer protection

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